4.2 Screen printed silver electrode

Silver has been reported to be either a working electrode to detect halide ion in the field of biomedical, food, environment, etc. or being a reference electrode. As a stable reference electrode, it must be treated to the form of silver chloride to provide a constant reference potential. Alternatively, it is sometimes treated as the silver oxide to be the pseudo reference electrode. The value of measured potential is compared with standard potential as shown the Figure 1. The potential of Ag/AgxO is about -0.153 V respected to the SHE, and the potential of Ag/AgCl is around 0.197 V to SHE. (1)

• 4.2.1 Halide ion detection at screen printed silver electrode

  
  On the other hand, screen printed silver as a working electrode, analyzed the halide ions in aqueous solutions has been reported. The disposable silver electrodes is fabricated by screen printed silver ink on the surface of polypropylene, in which composed of silver working electrode, silver counter electrode and silver/silver oxide reference electrode to be a electrochemical detector as shown in the Figure 2. (1)
  



• 4.2.1 Halide ion detection at screen printed silver electrode

  
  Typical silver voltammogram and its detection of halide ion is illustrated that the well separated oxidation potential for Cl-, Br- and I- was obtained by a single drop of analyte as shown in the Figure 3. In addition, Figure 4 demonstrates that the simultaneous detection of mixed halide ions solution of Cl-, Br- and I- from low concentration of 100 μM to high concentration of 10 mM. (1)
  



• 4.2.2 Determination of Pb2+ at screen-printed silver electrode

  
  Moreover, screen-printed silver electrodes (AgSPEs), a powerful tool without chemical modification, has been employed for the measurement of trace levels of Pb2+. It is reported that the determining Pb2+ at trace levels using the reversible underpotential deposition peak (UPD-Pb) was examined by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry, and resulting sensitivity, linearity, and detection limit are 0.355A/ppb, 5–80 ppb (r = 0.9992), and 0.46 ppb (S/N = 3), respectively. (see Figure 5,6) The practical applications were demonstrated to measure trace Pb2+ in natural waters. (1)
  
  

• 4.2.3 Selective cosmetic mercury analysis using a screen printed silver electrode with potassium iodide solution

  
  It is demonstrated that a method for the determination of trace mercury (Hg) by linear scan voltammetry using screen printed silver electrode (AgSPE) in the presence of potassium iodide. The iodide oxidation occurred at AgSPE was found to be systematically decreased as a signal of inhibitory anodic current with increasing the Hg concentrations and resulting a powerful cosmetic mercury sensor. (see Figure 7) (1)
  
  



• 4.2.4 Cosmetic hydrogen peroxide detection using nano bismuth species deposited built-in three-in-one screen printed silver electrode

  
  As published in the literature, the nano-bismuth modified screen printed silver electrode (SPAgE-Binano) has been developed for electrochemical sensing of cosmetic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from 100 μM to 5mM in neutral medium. The screen printed silver three electrode was fabricated with three silver electrode system as shown in Figure 8. And the deposited 50 nm Bi particles was proved with SEM technique. (see Figure 9) The electro- catalytic H2O2 reduction reaction is sensitively detected at SPAgE-Binano as shown in Figure 10. (1)
  
  

Reference

Please click the link below

• 1.Mei-Hsin Chiu, Wan-Ling Cheng, Govindan Muthuraman, Cheng-Teng Hsu, Hsieh-Hsun Chung, Jyh-Myng Zen, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 24 (2009) 3008–3013
• 2.Jyh-Myng Zen, Chih-Chio Yang, Annamalai Senthil Kumar, Analytica Chimica Acta 464 (2002) 229–235
• 2.Mei-Hsin Chiu, Jyh-Myng Zen, Annamalai Senthil Kumar, Dhananjayan Vasu, Ying Shih, Electroanalysis 20, 2008, No. 20, 2265 – 2270
• 2.Jyh-Myng Zen, Chih-Chio Yang, Annamalai Senthil Kumar, Analytica Chimica Acta 464 (2002) 229–235